Pros and Cons of Cortisone Injections

By: Shruti Jani

Patients will often times ask the therapist their opinion on cortisone injections. Cortisone injections can be very helpful and significantly reduce inflammation, however, some therapists feel this can mask the pain not treating the true root cause of the problem. This is often debated among therapists. A short synopsis of the pros and cons of cortisone injections will be provided.

Cortisone injections are a type of steroid that has been used in orthopedic conditions to
reduce inflammatory response and pain. Cortisone mimics our body’s natural corticosteroid
hormones (cortisol) produced by the adrenal glands. Cortisone is mainly an anti-inflammatory
medicine, not a painkiller. However, pain is often diminished once the inflammation goes down.
Cortisone is effective in conditions such as arthritis, tendonitis, bursitis, frozen shoulder, plantar
fasciitis, carpal tunnel syndrome, herniated disc, rotator cuff injuries, and more.
Cortisone injections are often recommended if the pain is localized and not controlled by
first-line anti-analgesics. It works directly at the site of inflammation leading to a direct target
effect, and this, in turn, also leads to a reduction in pain. However, some side effects and
disadvantages should be considered for cortisone treatment.

Advantages

• Small dosages can prove effective for some patients
• Cortisone is a naturally occurring substance in the body, so most patient tolerates the
  dosage
• A patient may only feel minimal discomfort
• Cortisone injections have few but usually tolerable side effects, i.e., palpitations, tremors,
  skin site erythema, and facial flushing.
• Drug’s effect is limited to a specific area.

Disadvantages

• High concentration or repetitive use of medication can damage tissue in the body. This
  may also lead to the weakening of the tendons or softening of the cartilage.
• Repetitive cortisone may cause damage to the joints of healthy tendons of young people.
  Oral anti-inflammatory medications, ice and heat applications, and physical/occupational
  therapy should be attempted first in the case of young individuals.
• Certain tendons (E.g., Achilles tendon) are prone to rupture when treated with cortisone
  injections.
• Other serious but rare adverse events include bone necrosis, joint infection, nerve
  damage, a serious increase in blood sugar, and a weakening of the immune response.
  

Cortisone injections are an excellent treatment option for many inflammatory conditions
with various advantages. Caution should always be undertaken to reduce the possibility of adverse
outcomes.

References:

Jonathan Cluett, M. D. (2022, January 28). Are cortisone injections bad for you? Verywell

Health. Retrieved October 29, 2022, from https://www.verywellhealth.com/are-cortisone-
injections-bad-for-you-2549575

Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. (2021, May 20). Cortisone shots. Mayo

Clinic. Retrieved October 29, 2022, from https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-
procedures/cortisone-shots/about/pac-20384794

Urgent Care Omaha. (2019, September 16). Cortisone Shots Pros & Cons: Urgent Care Omaha
& Bellevue, NE. Urgent Care Omaha. Retrieved October 29, 2022, from
https://urgentcareomaha.com/cortisone-shots-pros-cons/